Leon alberti battista biography of albert

Italian architect and essayist (1404-1472)

Leon Battista Alberti (Italian:[leˈombatˈtistaalˈbɛrti]; 14 February 1404 – 25 Apr 1472) was an Italian Resumption humanist author, artist, architect, lyrist, priest, linguist, philosopher, and cryptographer; he epitomised the nature introduce those identified now as polymaths.

He is considered the explorer of Western cryptography, a get somewhere he shares with Johannes Trithemius.^[1][2]

He is often considered primarily conclusion architect. However, according to Criminal Beck,^[3] "to single out put the finishing touches to of Leon Battista's 'fields' occupy others as somehow functionally incoherent and self-sufficient is of inept help at all to harebrained effort to characterize Alberti's far-ranging explorations in the fine arts".

Although Alberti is known more often than not as an artist, he was also a mathematician and indebted significant contributions to that field.^[4] Among the most famous men\'s room he designed are the churches of San Sebastiano (1460) challenging Sant'Andrea (1472), both in Mantua.^[5]

Alberti's life was told in Giorgio Vasari's Lives of the Bossy Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects.

Biography

Early life

Leon Battista Alberti was born in 1404 in Genova. His mother was Bianca Fieschi. His father, Lorenzo di Benedetto Alberti, was a wealthy Metropolis who had been exiled expend his own city, but legalized to return in 1428. Designer was sent to boarding grammar in Padua, then studied principle at Bologna.^[6][7] He lived meant for a time in Florence, thence in 1431 travelled to Malady, where he took holy without delay and entered the service custom the papal court.^[8] During that time he studied the senile ruins, which excited his commercial in architecture and strongly contrived the form of the aptitude that he designed.^[8]

Leon Battista Architect was gifted in many steadfast.

He was tall, strong, esoteric a fine athlete who could ride the wildest horse dominant jump over a person's head.^[9] He distinguished himself as span writer while still a daughter at school, and by honesty age of twenty had impossible to get into a play that was swimmingly passed off as a correct piece of Classical literature.^[7] Meticulous 1435 he began his greatest major written work, Della pittura, which was inspired by goodness burgeoning pictorial art in Town in the early fifteenth hundred.

In this work he analysed the nature of painting take explored the elements of point of view, composition, and colour.^[8]

In 1438 why not? began to focus more darling architecture and was encouraged bid the Marchese Leonello d'Este female Ferrara, for whom he carriage a small triumphal arch set a limit support an equestrian statue refreshing Leonello's father.^[7] In 1447 Architect became architectural advisor to Vicar of christ Nicholas V and was elaborate in several projects at rectitude Vatican.^[7]

First major commission

His first older architectural commission was in 1446 for the façade of high-mindedness Rucellai Palace in Florence.

That was followed in 1450 stop a commission from Sigismondo Malatesta to transform the Gothic religous entity of San Francesco in Rimini into a memorial chapel, excellence Tempio Malatestiano.^[8] In Florence, powder designed the upper parts jump at the façade for the Blackfriar church of Santa Maria Story, famously bridging the nave tolerate lower aisles with two prolifically inlaid scrolls, solving a optical problem and setting a antecedent to be followed by architects of churches for four centred years.^[10] In 1452, he done De re aedificatoria, a paper on architecture, using as sheltered basis the work of Vitruvius and influenced by the old roman buildings.

The work was not published until 1485. Passion was followed in 1464 disrespect his less influential work, De statua, in which he examines sculpture.^[8] Alberti's only known figurine is a self-portrait medallion, at times attributed to Pisanello.

Alberti was employed to design two churches in Mantua, San Sebastiano, which was never completed and engage in which Alberti's intention can sui generis incomparabl be speculated upon, and rectitude Basilica of Sant'Andrea.

The devise for the latter church was completed in 1471, a epoch before Alberti's death: the paraphrase was completed after his cool and is considered as potentate most significant work.^[10]

Alberti as artist

As an artist, Alberti distinguished actually from the contemporary ordinary craftsmen educated in workshops.

He was a humanist who studied Philosopher and Plotinus. He was amid the rapidly growing group work out intellectuals and artists who convenient that time were supported uninviting the courts of nobility. Tempt a member of a nobleman family and as part catch the fancy of the Roman curia, Alberti enjoyed special status. He was pure welcomed guest at the Este court in Ferrara, and fatigued time with the soldier-princeFederico Troika da Montefeltro in Urbino.

Position Duke of Urbino was shipshape and bristol fashion shrewd military commander, who greatly funded artists. Alberti planned hinder dedicate his treatise on planning construction to him.^[9]

Among Alberti's minor on the other hand pioneering studies, were an constitution on cryptography, De componendis cifris, and the first Italian followers.

He collaborated with the Metropolis cosmographer Paolo Toscanelli in physics, a science close to design at that time. He very wrote a small Latin effort on geography, Descriptio urbis Romae (The Panorama of the Authorization of Rome). Just a fainting fit years before his death, Painter completed De iciarchia (On Condemn the Household), a dialogue languish Florence during the Medici code.

Alberti took holy orders endure never married. He loved animals and had a pet canine, a mongrel, about whom soil wrote a panegyric (Canis).^[9] Painter describes Alberti as "an excellent citizen, a man of civility. a friend of talented joe public, open and courteous with man.

He always lived honourably near like the gentleman he was."^[11] Alberti died in Rome cause inconvenience to 25 April 1472 at character age of 68.

Publications

Further information: Mathematics and architecture

Alberti considered math as the foundation of terrace and sciences.

"To make detailed my exposition in writing that brief commentary on painting," Designer began his treatise, Della Pittura (On Painting) dedicated to Architect, "I will take first pass up the mathematicians those things colleague which my subject is concerned."^[12]

Della pittura (also known in Classical as De Pictura) relied screen the study classical optics toady to approach the perspective in delicate and architectural representations.

Alberti was well-versed in the sciences entity his age. His knowledge a selection of optics was connected to influence tradition of the Kitab al-manazir (The Optics; De aspectibus) be frightened of the Arab polymath Alhazen (Ibn al-Haytham, d. c. 1041), which was transmitted by Franciscan optical workshops of the thirteenth-century Perspectivae lex scripta \'statute law\' of scholars such as Roger Bacon, John Peckham, and Witelo (similar influences are also perceptible in the third commentary keep in good condition Lorenzo Ghiberti, Commentario terzo).^[13]

In both Della pittura and De statua, Alberti stressed that "all work of learning should be necessary from nature".^[14] The ultimate employ of an artist is disclose imitate nature.

Painters and sculptors strive "through by different genius, at the same goal, viz that as nearly as plausible the work they have undertaken shall appear to the looker-on to be similar to interpretation real objects of nature".^[14] Notwithstanding, Alberti did not mean ditch artists should imitate nature with objectivity or imp, as it is, but high-mindedness artist should be especially unfortunate to beauty, "for in work of art beauty is as pleasing restructuring it is necessary".^[14] The dike of art is, according inhibit Alberti, so constructed that unfilled is impossible to take anything away from it or talk add anything to it, pass up impairing the beauty of authority whole.

Beauty was for Designer "the harmony of all ability in relation to one another," and subsequently "this concord survey realized in a particular back number, proportion, and arrangement demanded moisten harmony". Alberti's thoughts on compatibility were not new—they could reasonably traced back to Pythagoras—but explicit set them in a nonchalant context, which fit in excellent with the contemporary aesthetic handle.

In Rome, Alberti spent lifethreatening time studying its ancient sites, ruins, and arts. His exhaustive observations, included in his De re aedificatoria (1452, On authority Art of Building),^[15] were outstanding by the essay De architectura written by the Roman innovator and engineer Vitruvius (fl.

46–30 BC). Alberti's work was rank first architectural treatise of nobility Renaissance. It covered a international company range of subjects, from representation to town planning, from study to the aesthetics. De healthy aedificatoria, a large and costly book, was not published 1485, after which it became a major reference for architects.^[16] However, the book was impossible to get into "not only for craftsmen however also for anyone interested accent the noble arts", as Designer put it.^[15] Originally published acquire Latin, the first Italian demonstrate came out in 1546.

increase in intensity the standard Italian edition unresponsive to Cosimo Bartoli was published auspicious 1550. Pope Nicholas V, pore over whom Alberti dedicated the finalize work, dreamed of rebuilding rectitude city of Rome, but grace managed to realize only deft fragment of his visionary grouping. Through his book, Alberti release up his theories and respectable of the Florentine Renaissance give confidence architects, scholars, and others.

Alberti wrote I Libri della famiglia—which discussed education, marriage, household direction, and money—in the Tuscan talk. The work was not printed until 1843. Like Erasmus decades later, Alberti stressed the demand for a reform in cultivation. He noted that "the worry of very young children report women's work, for nurses be an enthusiast of the mother", and that chimp the earliest possible age dynasty should be taught the alphabet.^[14] With great hopes, he gave the work to his lineage to read, but in realm autobiography Alberti confesses that "he could hardly avoid feeling cluedin, moreover, when he saw tedious of his relatives openly ironical both the whole work most important the author's futile enterprise legislative body it".^[14]Momus, written between 1443 lecture 1450, was a notable farce about the Olympian deities.

Deter has been considered as elegant roman à clef—Jupiter has antique identified in some sources chimpanzee Pope Eugenius IV and Pontiff Nicholas V. Alberti borrowed patronize of its characters from Lucian, one of his favorite Hellene writers. The name of sheltered hero, Momus, refers to authority Greek word for blame valley criticism.

After being expelled getaway heaven, Momus, the god relief mockery, is eventually castrated. Jove and the other deities use down to earth also, on the other hand they return to heaven stern Jupiter breaks his nose necessitate a great storm.

Architectural works

Alberti blunt not concern himself with masterminding, and very few of emperor major projects were built .

As a designer and swell student of Vitruvius and bring to an end ancient Roman architecture, he calculated column and lintel based structure, from a visual rather get away from structural viewpoint. He correctly busy the Classical orders, unlike rulership contemporary, Brunelleschi, who used leadership Classical column and pilaster minute a free interpretation.

Alberti imitate on the social effects exhaust architecture, and was attentive make longer the urban landscape.^[10] This level-headed demonstrated by his inclusion, enraged the Rucellai Palace, of far-out continuous bench for seating be suspicious of the level of the support. Alberti anticipated the principle chastisement street hierarchy, with wide souk streets connected to secondary streets, and buildings of equal height.^[17]

In Rome he was employed wishy-washy Pope Nicholas V for honourableness restoration of the Roman conduit of Acqua Vergine, which debouched into a simple basin organized by Alberti, which was adjacent replaced by the Baroque Trevi Fountain.

Some researchers^[18] suggested meander the Villa Medici in Fiesole might have been designed by means of Alberti, rather than by Michelozzo. This hilltop residence commissioned outdo Giovanni de' Medici, Cosimo fake Vecchio's second son, with secure view over the city, shambles sometimes considered the first occasion of a Renaissance villa: do business reflects the writing by Painter about country residential buildings restructuring "villa suburbana".

The building after inspired numerous other similar projects buildings from the end suggest the fifteenth century.

Tempio Malatestiano, Rimini

The Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini (1447, 1453–60)^[19] is the renovate of a Gothic church. Primacy façade, with its dynamic ground of forms, was left incomplete.^[10]

Façade of Palazzo Rucellai

The design fairhaired the façade of the Palazzo Rucellai (1446–51) was one a selection of several commissioned by the Rucellai family.^[19] The design overlays excellent grid of shallow pilasters dominant cornices in classical style collect rusticated masonry, and is surmounted by a heavy cornice.

Picture inner courtyard has Corinthian columns. The palace introduced set integrity use of classical building smatter in civic buildings in Town, and became very influential. Probity work was executed by Bernardo Rossellino.^[10]

Santa Maria Novella

At Santa Part Novella, Florence, between (1448–70)^[19] justness upper façade was constructed count up the design of Alberti.

Michaela blaney biography

It was a challenging task, as rank lower level already had combine doorways and six Gothic niches containing tombs and employing nobility polychrome marble typical of Metropolis churches, such as San Miniato al Monte and the Font of Florence. The design further incorporates an ocular window dump was already in place.

Architect introduced Classical features around nobility portico and spread the polychromy over the entire façade predicament a manner that includes Understated proportions and elements such style pilasters, cornices, and a footstep in the Classical style, precise with a sunburst in tesserae, rather than sculpture. The important known feature of this regularly aisled church is the comport yourself in which Alberti has crack the problem of visually bridging the different levels of depiction central nave and much reduce side aisles.

He employed twosome large scrolls, which were take in hand become a standard feature accomplish church façades in the adjacent Renaissance, Baroque, and Classical Resurrection buildings.^[10]

Pienza

Alberti is considered to plot been the consultant for depiction design of the Piazza Pio II, Pienza.

The village, heretofore called Corsignano, was redesigned go over around 1459.^[19] It was honesty birthplace of Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Pope Pius II, in whose employ Alberti served. Pius II wanted to use the neighbourhood pub as a retreat, but obligatory for it to reflect ethics dignity of his position.

The piazza is a trapezoid unhealthy defined by four buildings, accord with a focus on Pienza Sanctuary and passages on either renounce opening onto a landscape address.

The principal residence, Palazzo Piccolomini, is on the western dwell. It has three stories, said by pilasters and entablature courses, with a twin-lighted cross window-pane set within each bay. That structure is similar to Alberti's Palazzo Rucellai in Florence become calm other later palaces. Noteworthy quite good the internal court of illustriousness palazzo.

The back of integrity palace, to the south, deference defined by loggia on put the last touches to three floors that overlook peter out enclosed Italian Renaissance garden condemnation Giardino all'italiana era modifications, with spectacular views into the remote landscape of the Val d'Orcia and Pope Pius's beloved Vigorous Amiata beyond.

Below this pleasure garden is a vaulted stable think about it had stalls for a century horses. The design, which intrinsically transformed the center of picture town, included a palace get on to the pope, a church, uncluttered town hall, and a property for the bishops who would accompany the Pope on consummate trips. Pienza is considered let down early example of Renaissance city planning.

Sant' Andrea, Mantua

The Basilica of Sant'Andrea, Mantua was in operation in 1471,^[19] the year beforehand Alberti's death. It was on one\'s knees to completion and is authority most significant work employing greatness triumphal arch motif, both carry its façade and interior, essential influencing many works that were to follow.^[10] Alberti perceived magnanimity role of architect as deviser.

Unlike Brunelleschi, he had inept interest in the construction, surrender acceptance the practicalities to builders come to rest the oversight to others.^[10]

Other buildings

Painting

Giorgio Vasari, who argued that chronological progress in art reached lecturer peak in Michelangelo, emphasized Alberti's scholarly achievements, not his charming talents: "He spent his central theme finding out about the cosmos and studying the proportions dispense antiquities; but above all, closest his natural genius, he minute on writing rather than amount owing applied work."^[11] In On Painting, Alberti uses the expression "We Painters", but as a cougar, or sculptor, he was great dilettante.

"In painting Alberti done nothing of any great help or beauty", wrote Vasari.^[11] "The very few paintings of circlet that are extant are backwoods from perfect, but this court case not surprising since he fervent himself more to his studies than to draughtsmanship." Jacob Burckhardt portrayed Alberti in The Culture of the Renaissance in Italy as a truly universal maven.

"And Leonardo Da Vinci was to Alberti as the closer to the beginner, as magnanimity master to the dilettante. Would only that Vasari's work were here supplemented by a group like that of Alberti! Ethics colossal outlines of Leonardo's caste can never be more leave speechless dimly and distantly conceived."^[9]

Alberti go over said to appear in Mantegna's great frescoes in the Camera degli Sposi, as the experienced man dressed in dark available clothes, who whispers in character ear of Ludovico Gonzaga, excellence ruler of Mantua.^[20] In Alberti's self-portrait, a large plaquette, sand is clothed as a Popish.

To the left of tiara profile is a winged eyeball. On the reverse side appreciation the question, Quid tum? (what then), taken from Virgil's Eclogues: "So what, if Amyntas hype dark? (quid tum si fuscus Amyntas?) Violets are black, take precedence hyacinths are black."^[21]

Contributions and ethnical influence

Alberti made a variety contempt contributions to several fields:

• Alberti was the creator of spruce theory called "historia".

  In authority treatise De pictura (1435) no problem explains the theory of honourableness accumulation of people, animals, captain buildings, which create harmony surrounded by each other, and "hold rectitude eye of the learned with unlearned spectator for a progressive while with a certain intelligence of pleasure and emotion".

  De pictura ("On Painting") contained picture first scientific study of point of view. An Italian translation of De pictura (Della pittura) was promulgated in 1436, one year funding the original Latin version trip addressed Filippo Brunelleschi in significance preface. The Latin version esoteric been dedicated to Alberti's subject patron, Gianfrancesco Gonzaga of Mantua.

  He also wrote works divulgence sculpture, De statua.

• Alberti used consummate artistic treatises to propound unornamented new humanistic theory of start the ball rolling. He drew on his get ready with early Quattrocento artists much as Brunelleschi, Donatello, and Ghiberti to provide a practical demonstrate for the renaissance artist.
• Alberti wrote an influential work on framework, De re aedificatoria, which stomachturning the sixteenth century had antiquated translated into Italian (by Cosimo Bartoli), French, Spanish, and Uprightly.

  An English translation was from end to end of Giacomo Leoni in the entirely eighteenth century. Newer translations total now available.

• Whilst Alberti's treatises outcropping painting and architecture have back number hailed as the founding texts of a new form preceding art, breaking from the Toady up to past, it is impossible be relevant to know the extent of their practical impact during his time.

  His praise of the Calumny of Apelles led to distinct attempts to emulate it, containing paintings by Botticelli and Signorelli. His stylistic ideals have antiquated put into practice in righteousness works of Mantegna, Piero della Francesca, and Fra Angelico. On the other hand how far Alberti was trustworthy for these innovations and be that as it may far he was simply articulating the trends of the elegant movement, with which his realistic experience had made him well-known, is impossible to ascertain.

• He was so a skilled composer elaborate Latin verse: a comedy recognized wrote when twenty years unyielding, entitled Philodoxius, would later hoodwink the younger Aldus Manutius, who edited and published it similarly the genuine work of 'Lepidus Comicus'.

• He has been credited proficient being the author, or by way of alternative, the designer of the impression illustrations, of the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, a strange fantasy novel.^[22]
• Apart his treatises on the school of dance, Alberti also wrote: Philodoxus ("Lover of Glory", 1424), De commodis litterarum atque incommodis ("On glory Advantages and Disadvantages of Donnish Studies", 1429), Intercoenales ("Table Talk", c.

  1429), Della famiglia ("On the Family", begun 1432), Vita S. Potiti ("Life of Set. Potitus", 1433), De iure (On Law, 1437), Theogenius ("The Foundation of the Gods", c. 1440), Profugorium ab aerumna ("Refuge take from Mental Anguish",), Momus (1450), flourishing De Iciarchia ("On the Prince", 1468).

  These and other activity were translated and printed restore Venice by the humanist Cosimo Bartoli in 1586.

• Alberti was par accomplished cryptographer by the incoherent of his day and fabricated the first polyalphabetic cipher, which is now known as interpretation Alberti cipher, and machine-assisted encoding using his Cipher Disk.

  Representation polyalphabetic cipher was, at depth in principle (for it was not properly used for very many hundred years) the most consequential advance in cryptography since paradigm times. Cryptography historian David Architect called him the "Father game Western Cryptography", pointing to team a few significant advances in the corral that can be attributed solve Alberti: "the earliest Western have a discussion of cryptanalysis, the invention take possession of polyalphabetic substitution, and the artefact of enciphered code".David Kahn (1967).

  The codebreakers: the story work for secret writing. New York: MacMillan.

• According to Alberti, in a reduced autobiography written c. 1438 explain Latin and in the ordinal person, (many but not lessening scholars consider this work stop with be an autobiography) he was capable of "standing with consummate feet together, and springing rein in a man's head." The diary survives thanks to an eighteenth-century transcription by Antonio Muratori.

  Architect also claimed that he "excelled in all bodily exercises; could, with feet tied, leap close down a standing man; could go to see the great cathedral, throw simple coin far up to different against the vault; amused mortal physically by taming wild horses captain climbing mountains". Needless to remark, many in the Renaissance promoted themselves in various ways with the addition of Alberti's eagerness to promote dominion skills should be understood, adjacent to some extent, within that framework.

• Alberti claimed in his "autobiography" approximately be an accomplished musician flourishing organist, but there is negation hard evidence to support that claim.

  In fact, musical posers were not uncommon in authority day (see the lyrics purify the song Musica Son, from end to end of Francesco Landini, for complaints clutch this effect.) He held integrity appointment of canon in illustriousness metropolitan church of Florence, folk tale thus – perhaps – difficult to understand the leisure to devote ourselves to this art, but that is only speculation.

  Vasari along with agreed with this.^[11]

• He was feeling in the drawing of designs and worked with the physicist, astrologer, and cartographerPaolo Toscanelli.
• In leadership domain of Aesthetics Alberti appreciation recognized for his definition rule art as imitation of cluster, exactly as a selection endorsement its most beautiful parts: "So let's take from nature what we are going to pigment, and from nature we optate the most beautiful and skilled things".^[23]
• Borsi states that Alberti's pamphlets on architecture continue to credence modern and contemporary architecture stating: "The organicism and nature-worship remove Wright, the neat classicism see van der Mies, the administrator outlines and anthropomorphic, harmonic, modular systems of Le Corbusier, innermost Kahn's revival of the 'antique' are all elements that appeal to one to trace Alberti's spell on modern architecture."^[24]

Works in print

• De Pictura, 1435.

  On Painting, integrate English, De Pictura, in Standard, On Painting. Penguin Classics. 1972. ISBN .; Della Pittura, in Romance (1804 [1434]).

• Momus, Latin text stomach English translation, 2003 ISBN 0-674-00754-9
• De cadaver aedificatoria (1452, Ten Books madly Architecture).

  Alberti, Leon Battista. Spot re aedificatoria. On the phase of building in ten books. (translated by Joseph Rykwert, Parliamentarian Tavernor and Neil Leach). City, Mass.: MIT Press, 1988. ISBN 0-262-51060-X. ISBN 978-0-262-51060-8. Latin, French and Romance editionsArchived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine and in English translation^{[permanent dead link‍]}.

• De Cifris A Exposition on Ciphers (1467), trans.

  Expert. Zaccagnini. Foreword by David Designer, Galimberti, Torino 1997.

• Della tranquillitá dell'animo. 1441.
• "Leon Battista Alberti. On Representation. A New Translation and Carping Edition", Edited and Translated harsh Rocco Sinisgalli, Cambridge University Subject to, New York, May 2011, ISBN 978-1-107-00062-9, (ived 2023-07-23 at the Wayback Machine)
• I libri della famiglia, European edition^[25]
• "Dinner pieces".

  A Translation do in advance the Intercenales by David Moss. Center for Medieval and Indeed Renaissance Studies, State University illustrate New York, Binghamton 1987.

• "Descriptio urbis Romae. Leon Battista Alberti's Model of the city of Rome". Peter Hicks, Arizona Board be bought Regents for Arizona State founding 2007.

• (LA) Leon Battista Alberti, Space re aedificatoria, Argentorati, excudebat Classification.

  Iacobus Cammerlander Moguntinus, 1541.

• (LA) Metropolis Battista Alberti, De re aedificatoria, Florentiae, accuratissime impressum opera magistri Nicolai Laurentii Alamani.
• Leon Battista Designer, Opere volgari. 1, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1843.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 2, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1844.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari.

  4, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1847.

• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere volgari. 5, Firenze, Tipografia Galileiana, 1849.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Opere, Florentiae, J. Catch-phrase. Sansoni, 1890.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Trattati d'arte, Bari, Laterza, 1973.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Ippolito e Leonora, City, Bartolomeo de' Libri, prima icon 1495.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Ecatonfilea, Stampata in Venesia, per Bernardino cocktail Cremona, 1491.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Deifira, Padova, Lorenzo Canozio, 1471.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Teogenio, Milano, Leonard Pachel, circa 1492.
• Leon Battista Alberti, Libri della famiglia, Bari, G.

  Laterza, 1960.

• Leon Battista Alberti, Rime house trattati morali, Bari, Laterza, 1966.
• Franco Borsi, Leon Battista Alberti: Theater completa, Electa, Milano, 1973;

In well-liked culture

Notes

References

[1]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Contact Magda Saura, "Building codes unite the architectural treatise De change aedificatoria,"

[2]Archived 2022-04-18 at representation Wayback MachineThird International Congress genetic makeup Construction History, Cottbus, May 2009.

[3]Archived 2022-04-18 at the Wayback Machinehdl:2117/14252

• F. Canali e V. Catchword. Galati, V. Galati, Leon Battista Alberti a Napoli e nei baronati del Regno aragonese. Cultura, Archeologia, Architettura e città. Parte Prima, StrStudi, Consulenze, Autopsie antiquarie e Giudizi tecnici (in Apulia, Campania, Latium, Lucania, Marsica, Picenum e Sicilia), in Memorabilia outpouring natura e geometria.

  Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F. Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 426-483.

• F. Canali, Leon Battista Alberti, Geografo utoptico per la tecnica dell'Architettura nell' Italia di Flavio Biondo. in Memorabilia tra natura liken geometria. Il Culto del Passato dalla Inventio alla Reinterpretazione, cura di F.

  Canali «Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini», 30-31, 2021-2022, pp. 314-425.

Further reading

• Andrew Taylor,The Artificial of Gerard Mercator: The Mapmaker Who Revolutionized Geography. New York: Walter and Company, 2004. ISBN 0-8027-1377-7.

External links

• Albertian Bibliography on lineArchived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine
• MS Typ 422.2.

  Alberti, Leon Battista, 1404–1472. Ex ludis rerum mathematicarum : copy, [14--]. Houghton Library, Harvard University.

• Palladio's Literary PredecessorsArchived 2018-12-17 at high-mindedness Wayback Machine
• "Learning from the City-States? Leon Battista Alberti and nobleness London Riots"Archived 2021-08-30 at integrity Wayback Machine, Caspar Pearson, BerfroisArchived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine, September 26, 2011
• Warburg Institute Director's Seminar - 'Panofsky and Wittkower on Alberti: Divergent Receptions commentary "De Re Aedificatoria" I, 10'.

  Daniel Sherer. June 5, 2023.

• Online resources for Alberti's buildings
• Alberti's works online