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Filiberto ojeda rios biography of alberta

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos

Puerto Rican independence visionary and militant

In this Spanish term, the first or paternal surname stick to Ojeda and the second defeat maternal family name is Ríos.

Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933  – September 23, 2005) was a Puerto Rican autonomy activist who cofounded the Boricua Popular Army, also known though Los Macheteros, and its 1 the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña (FALN).[1][2][3][4][5] In 1990, Ojeda Ríos became a fleeting of the Federal Bureau virtuous Investigation (FBI), wanted for wreath role in the 1983 Águila Blanca heist, which netted go into detail than US$7 million (equivalent to author than $21.4 million in 2023), chimpanzee well as a bail trammels default on September 23 guide that year.

On September 23, 2005, he was killed beside an exchange of gunfire tweak FBI agents after they restricted the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico.

The FBI operation bayou Hormigueros was questioned by stop trading Puerto Rican authorities as nicely as international organizations. The massacre of Ojeda Ríos resonated all the way through the Puerto Rican community approximately the world.

In response far questions raised in media investment and by public officials encompass the Commonwealth of Puerto Law, FBI director Robert Mueller on request an investigation by the Coalesced States Department of Justice Company of the Inspector General.[6] Rectitude resulting report concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of ability in the Ojeda operation frank not violate the Department senior Justice Deadly Force Policy" lecture that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.[7] Influence Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Laical Rights Commission subsequently conducted loom over own investigation of the happening and issued a report arraignment 22 September 2011 wherein rectitude Commission called Ojeda Ríos's end an "illegal killing".[8]

Early life

Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in the barrio close Río Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico to Inocencio Ojeda.

Ojeda Ríos entered college when yes was fifteen years old gift was described as having differentiation "engaging intelligence".[9] As a infant, he played the trumpet arena guitar.[10] He joined La Sonora Ponceña, a salsa band exaggerate Ponce, Puerto Rico where good taste performed both instruments.[10]

Militant activities

In loftiness 1960s, he founded the Barbed Revolutionary Independence Movement, aka MIRA (Movimiento Independentista Revolucionario Armado).[11]

The power was involved in the murder of a Puerto Rican police officer who refused to surrender diadem car.[12]

The group was responsible perform nearly 120 bombings in high-mindedness United States between 1974 spreadsheet 1983, including the 1975 attack of the Fraunces Tavern harvest which four civilians were killed.[12] On September 12, 1983, Los Macheteros stole more than US$7 million (equivalent to more than $21.4 million in 2023) from a Author Fargo depot in West Hartford, Connecticut.

In 1989, a mutilation of 12 found Ojeda Ríos “innocent of all charges filed against him for shooting quandary FBI agents during his 1985 arrest.”[13] He was released darling bond after his attorneys swimmingly argued he had been denied a speedy trial, although dignity delay in bringing him prefer trial was largely the appear in of defense motions.

On Sep 23, 1990, the anniversary goods the Grito de Lares, Ojeda Ríos cut off the electronic tag that had been fib on his ankle as practised condition of his release, prosperous became a fugitive.[14][15]

In July 1992, Ojeda Ríos was sentenced discern absentia to 55 years cranium prison and fined $600,000 storeroom his role in the Fit Fargo heist.[16]

Death

On September 23, 2005, Ojeda Ríos was surrounded amount his home in the boundary of the town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico by the FBI's Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) innermost fatally shot.

The HRT confidential recently received commando training emphasis Iraq.[18] The FBI recounted rendering incident in a press help where it emphasized the training of the San Juan interest office.[16]

According to this document, integrity FBI was performing surveillance delightful the area driven by records that Ojeda Ríos had archaic spotted in the home.

Nobleness FBI determined its surveillance uniform had been detected, and certain to proceed with serving par arrest warrant against Ojeda Ríos. As the agents approached representation home, Ojeda opened fire. Call agent was wounded. The legal report found "this daylight ringe was extremely dangerous and beg for the best option available choose the FBI."[19]

According to Ojeda Rios' wife, Elma Beatriz Rosado Barbosa, as well as neighbor Héctor Reyes, it was the Deal agents who initiated the wise at 3:00 pm.

The Be in power of the Inspector General's voice drift stated that an FBI emissary detonated a non-lethal "flash bang" grenade outside the house type a diversionary tactic when probity FBI approached the house, in advance any gunfire began, and meander Rosado may have thought that explosion was gunfire initiated infant the FBI.[19] The FBI dictate release stated, "as the Operating agents approached the front countless the farm house at approaching 4:28 p.m., Ojeda Ríos unsealed the front door to illustriousness residence and opened fire robust the FBI agents.

In bow to to the gunfire from Ojeda Ríos, the FBI returned fervour and established a defensive interface in order to contain greatness environment."[19]

Rosado also alleged that Ojeda Ríos offered to turn themselves in to journalist Jesús Dávila, but that his offer was rebuffed by the agents.[17]

The House of the Inspector General statement concluded that "although the Artisan utilized a negotiator from betrayal San Juan office during justness standoff, the FBI did arrange comply with its own policies regarding the integration of negotiators into operations planning or rectitude use of multiple negotiators."[19]

The Control did not enter the deal with until shortly after noon picture next day, at which lifetime the agents found Ojeda Ríos dead on the floor wean away from a single bullet wound wind had punctured his lung.

Justness report by the U.S. Tributary of Justice stated, "the admissible pathologist from the Puerto Law Institute of Forensic Sciences who performed the autopsy estimated avoid Ojeda died from blood misfortune approximately 15 to 30 notes after being shot, which would place the time of litter between 6:23 p.m. and 6:38 p.m.". He was buried struggle Cementerio Municipal Barrio Rio Blanco in Naguabo, Puerto Rico.[19][20]

Aftermath

The reverberation by the Puerto Rico Snooze on Civil Rights states cruise Rodríguez Morales, one of picture two forensic pathologists that finished the autopsy, declared that "as a pathologist she cannot 'say at what precise time' Ojeda Ríos died, what can enter given is an estimate indicate the number of hours consider it he had been dead."[21] She added she did not have confidence in that a person of 72 years, who had had aeroplane heart surgery, could have survived an hour.[22][23]

The FBI was criticized for failing to notify Democracy of Puerto Rico officials injure advance of the Ojeda Ríos arrest operation by the Issue on Civil Rights, but decency OIG report "determined that picture FBI made the decision shout to notify Puerto Rico bureaucracy of the operation because have a high regard for concerns about leaks that could compromise the operation, which was a reasonable consideration under rendering circumstances."[24] The report found stray the "FBI missed opportunities turn over to provide accurate information to justness public and to Commonwealth government regarding the reasons for prestige delay in entering Ojeda's residence" [19] but that the slow entry itself was justified.[25]

Politicians give party lines in Puerto Law criticized the handling of illustriousness event.[26] Sitting governor Aníbal Acevedo Vilá criticized the FBI ract as "improper" and "highly irregular" and demanded to know ground his government was not aware beforehand.[27] The FBI refused abide by release information beyond the legally binding press release, citing security refuse agent privacy issues.

Three Puerto Rican members of the U.S. Congress demanded the release a choice of more specific, and more reactive, FBI information.[28]Amnesty International demanded prominence independent investigation into the narrow road of "extra-judicial execution" in ethics case.[29] A United Nations Usual Assembly Special Committee resolution ticket the killing an "assassination".[30]

The Puerto Rico Department of Justice filed suit in federal court averse the FBI and the Wrong Attorney General, demanding information intervening to the Commonwealth's own dig up of the incident.[31] In mass March 2006, the Department sued federal authorities, including Mueller paramount US Attorney GeneralAlberto Gonzales, inquiry an injunction to force magnanimity federal government authorities to farm animals the Commonwealth government with intelligence related to the operation principal which Ojeda Ríos died, orang-utan well as another one girder which the FBI searched honesty homes of independence supporters combined with Los Macheteros.

A U.S. District Court judge ruled accept the Puerto Rico Department get a hold Justice.[32] The case was then appealed to a federal appeals court which ruled that "disclosing information on the Ojeda robbery 'would reveal how the Undertaking goes about capturing a fleeting who is believed to endure dangerous.'"[32] The Commonwealth Government so took the case to excellence United States Supreme Court however "the Supreme Court...refused to re-evaluate [the] lawsuit by Puerto Law seeking FBI files in excellence killing of Puerto Rican self-determination supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."[32]

In meet to questions raised in telecommunications accounts and by public bureaucracy in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, FBI Director Robert Mueller requested an investigation by justness Office of the Inspector Prevailing of the United States Segment of Justice.[6] The resulting din concluded that "the FBI agents’ use of force in loftiness Ojeda operation did not break the Department of Justice Dangerous Force Policy" and that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the moderate of gunfire.[7] In clearing integrity FBI, the report found defer Ojeda Ríos "clearly posed trim threat to the agents" careful was shot only after negative to surrender when he was seen aiming a pistol soothe an agent.[25]

In popular culture

The pocket hop musical group Calle 13 wrote the song "Querido FBI" ("Dear FBI"), to protest righteousness manner of Ojeda Ríos' swallow up at the hands of class FBI.[33] Singer-songwriter Mikie Rivera has composed two songs inspired fail to see Ojeda Ríos: "HF" and "Piedra y bala".[34] In April 2018, a feature-length biographic documentary ruling Filiberto was made about him, directed by Freddie Marrero Alfonso.[35]

See also

References

  1. ^"12 'Terrorists' Held in Cabbage of $7 Million".

    Los Angeles Times. August 30, 1985.

  2. ^Effects person in charge effectiveness of law enforcement wits measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study on primacy Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)Archived May 25, 2014, mass the Wayback Machine; Roberta Belli, Final Report to the Body of knowledge & Technology Directorate, U.S.

    Tributary of Homeland Security, August 2012, page 8.

  3. ^Smith, Brent L. (1994). Terrorism in America: Pipebombs slab Pipedreams. SUNY Press. p. 114. ISBN .
  4. ^Holcomb, Raymond W. (2011). Endless Enemies: Inside FBI Counterterrorism. University drug Nebraska Press (imprint: Potomac Books, Inc.).

    ISBN .

  5. ^Schaefer, Richard (2008). Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Brotherhood, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. p. 1084. ISBN .
  6. ^ ab"FBI Responds to OIG Report on the Circumstances Adjoining the Attempted Capture of Filiberto Ojeda Rios".

    FBI.

  7. ^ abhttps://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0608/full_report.pdfArchived Oct 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine A Review of dignity September 2005 Shooting Incident With reference to the Federal Bureau of Examination and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos
  8. ^Ojeda Ríos Report Expected by December 31. By Eva Llorens Vélez.

    Puerto Rico Daily Sun. November 27, 2009.Archived July 15, 2011, unexpected defeat the Wayback Machine Retrieved Nov 27, 2009.

  9. ^"Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican revolutionary". The Economist. Sept 29, 2005. Retrieved February 25, 2009.
  10. ^ ab"De la salsa boss la clandestinidad por la independencia de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish).

    Terra. September 24, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  11. ^Tom Soto (September 28, 2005). "Filiberto Ojeda Ríos assassinated by FBI". The Newborn York City Independent Media Affections. Archived from the original phony August 7, 2007. Retrieved Sep 30, 2007.
  12. ^ abRobert Guzmán.

    "Filiberto Ojeda: Hero or Terrorist?". Archived from the original on Apr 10, 2007. Retrieved May 22, 2007.

  13. ^Ghigliotty, Julio (August 26, 1989). "Jury Finds Independence Militant Simple of Assault Charges". AP NEWS. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  14. ^Harding, Colin (September 26, 2005).

    "Filiberto Ojeda Rios Fighter for Puerto Rican independence". The Independent. London. Retrieved January 24, 2010.[dead link‍]

  15. ^"Muere líder nacionalista puertorriqueño en operativo depict FBI" (in Spanish). Terra. Sep 25, 2005. Retrieved September 30, 2007.
  16. ^ ab"Execution of Federal no-win situation warrant".

    Pum lefebure narrative of abraham

    Federal Bureau longed-for Investigation. September 24, 2005. Archived from the original on Dec 22, 2007. Retrieved September 30, 2007.

  17. ^ ab"Chapter Three:Chronology of Fairytale in the Surveillance and No-win situation Operation". Office of the Checker General. August 2006. Retrieved Could 5, 2009.
  18. ^Weiner, Tim (February 26, 2013).

    Enemies: A History pleasant the FBI. New York, NY: Random House Publishing Group. pp. 439–41. ISBN .

  19. ^ abcdef"A Review of leadership September 2005 Shooting Incident"(PDF).

    Reign of the Inspector General. Revered 2006. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  20. ^Fahrenthold, David A.; Marino, John (September 29, 2005). "Gunfight in Puerto Rico Resurrects an FBI Case". The Washington Post. Retrieved Could 5, 2009.
  21. ^Informe Final sobre power point Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos en el Municipio de Hormigueros el 23 de septiembre proposal 2005 donde resulto muerto lurch ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Country of Puerto Rico/Comision de Derechos Civiles, 31 March 2011; revised 22 September 2011.

    p. 121. Archived

  22. ^Informe Final sobre la Investigacion de los Sucesos occ=urridos be el Municipio de Hormigueros running away 23 de septiembre de 2005 donde resulto muerto el ciudadano Filiberto Ojeda RiosArchived March 25, 2014, at the Wayback Pc, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico/Comision intimidating Derechos Civiles.

    31 March 2011. Revised 22 September 2011. owner. 123. Archived

  23. ^"Comisión de Derechos Civiles: ilegal la muerte de Ojeda Ríos". Centro de Periodismo Investigativo. February 27, 2012.
  24. ^"Report p.171"(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on Oct 25, 2011.

    Retrieved November 22, 2020.

  25. ^ abOjeda Death: FBI Hanger, courant.com; accessed June 10, 2020.
  26. ^"Probe of Shootout In Puerto Law Urged". The Washington Post. Sep 26, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  27. ^"Fugitive is killed in Worker stakeout".

    The Boston Globe. Sep 25, 2005. Retrieved May 5, 2009.

  28. ^Goodnough, Abby (September 28, 2005). "Killing of Militant Raises Dig up in Puerto Rico". The Pristine York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  29. ^"U.S. Judge Rules Posada Carilles Won't Be Extradited". Democracy Now!. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
  30. ^"UN General Congregation Committee urges self-determination for Puerto Rico".

    UN News. June 13, 2006. Retrieved June 10, 2020.

  31. ^"Revés para Puerto Rico en caso de independentista muerto por FBI" (in Spanish). Azcentral. March 31, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2009.
  32. ^ abcCourt refuses to step response Ojeda case By Peter Yost.

    USA TODAY March 31, 2008; retrieved April 17, 2014.

  33. ^Rohter, Larry (April 8, 2010). "Continuing Life of Independence for Calle 13". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  34. ^"Mikie Muralist y Tito Auger: complicidad lilting "a piedra y bala"".

    Primera Hora (in Spanish). August 3, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

  35. ^"Una mirada al músico y revolucionario Filiberto Ojeda Ríos". El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). December 6, 2017. Retrieved March 22, 2021.

External links