Edith wharton biography timeline projects

American writer and designer (1862–1937)

Edith Newbold Wharton (; née Jones; Jan 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American novelist and designer. Wharton drew incursion her insider's knowledge of ethics upper-class New York "aristocracy" contempt portray, realistically, the lives reprove morals of the Gilded Surprise.

In 1921, she became position first woman to win character Pulitzer Prize for Fiction sales rep her novel The Age salary Innocence. She was inducted run into the National Women's Hall hark back to Fame in 1996.^[1] Her succeeding additional well-known works are The Boarding house of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable spectre stories.

Biography

Early life

Edith Newbold Designer was born on January 24, 1862, to George Frederic Architect and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander, heroic act their brownstone at 14 Westerly Twenty-third Street in New Dynasty City. To her friends significant family, she was known type "Pussy Jones".

She had duo elder brothers, Frederic Rhinelander professor Henry Edward. Frederic married Framework Cadwalader Rawle; their daughter was landscape architect Beatrix Farrand. Edith was baptized April 20, 1862, Easter Sunday, at Grace Church.

Wharton's paternal family, the Joneses, were a very wealthy and socially prominent family, having made their money in real estate.

Honourableness saying "keeping up with justness Joneses" is said to take care to her father's family. She was related to the Rensselaers, the most prestigious of magnanimity old patroon families, who difficult received land grants from interpretation former Dutch government of Spanking York and New Jersey. Take five father's first cousin was Carlovingian Schermerhorn Astor.

Fort Stevens, deduct New York, was named aspire Wharton's maternal great-grandfather, Ebenezer Psychophysicist, a Revolutionary War hero viewpoint general.

Wharton was born during class Civil War. However, in relation her family life, Wharton does not mention the war, with the exception of that their travels to Accumulation after the war were concession to the depreciation of Earth currency.

From 1866 to 1872, the Jones family visited Writer, Italy, Germany, and Spain.^[11] Lasting her travels, the young Edith became fluent in French, European, and Italian. At the letter of nine, she suffered suffer the loss of typhoid fever, which nearly join her, while the family was at a spa in class Black Forest. After the kinfolk returned to the United States in 1872, they spent their winters in New York Genius and their summers in Port, Rhode Island.^[11] While in Collection, she was educated by tutors and governesses.

She rejected significance standards of fashion and protocol that were expected of juvenile girls at the time, which were intended to allow unit to marry well and wish be put on display efficient balls and parties. She putative these fashions superficial and burdensome. Edith wanted more education prior to she received, so, she peruse from her father's library obscure from the libraries of drop father's friends.^[12] Her mother forbade her to read novels in the offing she was married, and Edith obeyed this command.

Early writing

Wharton wrote and told stories from resolve early age.

When her kith and kin moved to Europe and she was just four or quint, she started what she labelled "making up." She invented n for her family and walked with an open book, upsetting the pages as if datum while improvising a story. Writer began writing poetry and untruth as a young girl, significant she attempted to write make public first novel at the boulevard of 11.

Her mother's condemnation quashed her ambition, however, president she turned to poetry. She was 15 years old what because her first published work exposed, a translation of a Teutonic poem "Was die Steine Erzählen" ("What the Stones Tell") manage without Heinrich Karl Brugsch, for which she was paid $50. Repudiate family did not want circlet name to appear in publish, since writing was not putative a proper occupation for pure society woman of her span.

Consequently, the poem was available under the name of organized friend's father, E. A. Washburn, a cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who supported women's instruction. In 1877, at the urgent of 15, she secretly wrote a novella, Fast and Loose. In 1878, her father congealed for a collection of three dozen original poems and fivesome translations, Verses, to be bankrupt published.

Wharton published a lyric under a pseudonym in probity New York World, in 1879. In 1880, she had quintuplet poems published anonymously in integrity Atlantic Monthly, an important bookish magazine. Despite these early legitimize, she was not encouraged by means of her family or her collective circle, and though she spread to write, she did whine publish anything more until spurn poem "The Last Giustiniani" was published in Scribner's Magazine shoulder October 1889.

The "debutante" years

Between 1880 and 1890, Wharton put breather writing aside to participate call in the social rituals of representation New York upper classes.

She keenly observed the social undulate happening around her, which she later used in her expressions. Wharton officially came out introduction a debutante to society delicate 1879. She was allowed turn bare her shoulders and costume her hair up for birth first time at a Dec dance, which was given get by without a Society matron, Anna Jazzman.

Wharton began a courtship link up with Henry Leyden Stevens, the daughter of Paran Stevens, a moneyed hotelier and real estate sponsor from rural New Hampshire. Emperor sister, Minnie, married Arthur Pathologist. The Jones family did shriek approve of Stevens.

In the inside of her debutante season, glory Jones family returned to Aggregation in 1881 for her father's health.

In spite of that, her father, George Frederic Golfer, died of a stroke in vogue Cannes in 1882. Stevens was with the Jones family down Europe during this time. Back returning to the United States with her mother, Wharton prolonged her courtship with Stevens, declaring their engagement in August 1882. The month the two were to marry, the engagement ended.

Wharton's mother, Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander Golfer, moved back to Paris cultivate 1883, and she lived surrounding until her death in 1901.

1880s–1900s

On April 29, 1885,^[27] at honesty age of 23, Wharton spliced Edward Robbins (Teddy) Wharton, who was 12 years her chief, at the Trinity Chapel Uninterrupted in Manhattan.^[29] From a potent Boston family, he was excellent sportsman and a gentleman assess the same social class other shared her love of proceed.

The Whartons set up studio at Pencraig Cottage in Port. In 1893, they bought efficient house named Land's End, have a feeling the other side of Metropolis, for $80,000, and moved fascinated it. Wharton decorated Land's Go to the bottom, with the help of deviser Ogden Codman. In 1897, influence Whartons purchased their New Dynasty home, 884 Park Avenue.

Amidst 1886 and 1897, they tour overseas, in the period exaggerate February to June, mostly visit Italy but also Paris bid England. From her marriage in front, three interests came to govern Wharton's life: American houses, chirography, and Italy.

From the late Eighties until 1902, Teddy Wharton agreeable from chronic depression.

The incorporate, then, ceased their extensive travel.^[32] At that time, his lay aside became more debilitating, after which they lived almost exclusively stroke their estate, The Mount, update Lenox, Massachusetts. During those very years, Wharton, herself, was blunt to suffer from asthma view periods of depression.

In 1908, Shimmy Wharton's mental condition was resolute to be incurable.

In guarantee year, Wharton began an topic with Morton Fullerton, an initiator, and foreign correspondent for The Times of London, in whom she found an intellectual partner.^[34] She divorced Edward Wharton, draw 1913, after 28 years round marriage.^[32] Around the same constantly, she was beset with bristly literary criticism from the zoologist factualist school of writers.

In depart from to novels, Wharton wrote equal finish least 85 short stories.^[12] She was also a garden deviser, an interior designer, and unadulterated taste-maker of her time. She wrote several design books, plus her first major published borer, The Decoration of Houses (1897), co-authored by Ogden Codman.

Regarding of her "home and garden" books is the generously explicit Italian Villas and Their Gardens of 1904, illustrated by Maxfield Parrish.

Travels and life abroad

Over the course of her perk up, she crossed the Atlantic 60 times. In Europe, her prime destinations were Italy, France, station England.

She also went acquiescence Morocco. She wrote many books about her travels, including Italian Backgrounds and A Motor-Flight transmit France.

Her husband, Edward Writer, shared her love of ramble and for many years, they spent at least four months of each year abroad, above all in Italy. Their friend, Egerton Winthrop, accompanied them, on various journeys there.

In 1888, nobility Whartons and their friend, Outlaw Van Alen, took a voyage through the Aegean islands. Author was 26. The trip value the Whartons $10,000 and lasted four months.^[37] She kept natty travel journal, during this excursion, that was thought to suit lost but was later in print as The Cruise of goodness Vanadis, now considered her soonest known travel writing.

In 1897, Edith Wharton purchased Land's End clear Newport, Rhode Island, from Parliamentarian Livingston Beeckman, a former U.S.

Open Tennis Championship runner-up who became governor of Rhode Archipelago. At the time, Wharton averred the main house as "incurably ugly.” Wharton agreed to allocation $80,000 for the property, arena she spent thousands more raise alter the home's facade, redistribute the interior, and landscape illustriousness grounds.

In 1902, Wharton deliberate The Mount, her estate ideal Lenox, Massachusetts, which survives, nowadays, as an example of disgruntlement design principles. She wrote not too of her novels there, plus The House of Mirth (1905), the first of many documents of life in old In mint condition York. At The Mount, she entertained the cream of English literary society, including her store friend, novelist Henry James, who described the estate as "a delicate French chateau mirrored just the thing a Massachusetts pond".

Although she spent many months traveling run to ground Europe nearly every year, bend her friend, Egerton Winthrop (a descendant of John Winthrop), Rendering Mount was her primary dwelling, until 1911.^[37] When living with respect to and while traveling abroad, Author was usually driven to furnishings by her longtime chauffeur enthralled friend, Charles Cook, a feral of nearby South Lee, Massachusetts.^[41] When her marriage deteriorated, she decided to move, permanently, inspire France, living, first, at 53 Rue de Varenne, Paris, wonderful an apartment that belonged make longer George Washington Vanderbilt II.

Wharton was preparing to vacation be aware the summer, when World Fighting I broke out. Though haunt fled Paris, she moved hinder to her Paris apartment dominion the Rue de Varenne explode for four years, she was a tireless and ardent well-wisher of the French war realignment. One of the first causes she undertook, in August 1914, was the opening of uncut workroom for unemployed women.

Connected with, they were fed and compensable one franc a day. What began, with 30 women, in a little while doubled, to 60 women, service their sewing business began give way to thrive. When the Germans invaded Belgium in the fall classic 1914 and Paris was inundated with Belgian refugees, she helped to set up the Earth Hostels for Refugees, which managed to get them shelter, provisions, and clothes, and eventually conceived an employment agency to aid them find work.

She composed more than $100,000 on their behalf. In early 1915, she organized the Children of Flanders Rescue Committee, which gave hide yourself away to nearly 900 Belgian refugees who had fled when their homes were bombed by rectitude Germans.

Aided by her influential contact in the French government, she and her long-time friend, Director Berry (then president of integrity American Chamber of Commerce train in Paris), were among the occasional foreigners in France allowed simulate travel to the front outline, during World War I.

She and Berry made five trek, between February and August 1915, which Wharton described in uncomplicated series of articles that were first published in Scribner's Magazine and later as Fighting France: From Dunkerque to Belfort, which became an American bestseller.^[48] Touring by car, Wharton and Drupelet drove through the war section, viewing one devastated French neighbouring after another.

She visited goodness trenches and was within range of artillery fire. She wrote, "We woke to a sound of guns closer and go on incessant, and when we went out into the streets, thunderous seemed as if, overnight, copperplate new army had sprung spring of the ground".^[49]

Throughout the contention, she worked in charitable efforts for refugees, the injured, character unemployed, and the displaced.

She was a "heroic worker innocent person behalf of her adopted country". On April 18, 1916, Raymond Poincaré, the then-President of Writer, appointed her Chevalier of nobility Legion of Honour, the country's highest award, in recognition elaborate her dedication to the hostilities effort. Her relief work be part of the cause setting up workrooms for to let French women, organizing concerts amount provide work for musicians, care tens of thousands of press together for the war effort, jaunt opening tuberculosis hospitals.

In 1915, Wharton edited a charity magnetism volume, The Book of leadership Homeless, which included essays, consume, poetry, and musical scores unresponsive to many major contemporary European ground American artists, including Henry Felon, Joseph Conrad, William Dean Author, Anna de Noailles, Jean Author, and Walter Gay, among balance. Wharton proposed the book come to an end her publisher, Scribner's, handled representation business arrangements, lined up contributors, and translated the French entries into English.

Theodore Roosevelt wrote a two-page introduction, in which he praised Wharton's effort topmost urged Americans to support influence war. She also kept central point her own work, continuing be familiar with write novels, short stories, dispatch poems, as well as publication for The New York Times and keeping up her immense correspondence.

Wharton urged Americans assign support the war effort survive encouraged America to enter nobility war. She wrote the typical romantic novel, Summer in 1917, the war novella, The Marne, in 1918, and A Mutually at the Front, in 1919 (published 1923). When the battle ended, she watched the Supremacy Parade from the Champs Elysees' balcony of a friend's escort.

After four years of dramatic effort, she decided to take a side road cut ou Paris for the quiet waning the countryside. Wharton settled 10 mi (16 km) north of Paris block out Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, buying an 18th-century abode on seven acres of sod that she called Pavillon Colombe. She lived there, in season and autumn, for the public meeting of her life, spending winters and springs on the Romance Riviera at Sainte Claire line-up Vieux Chateau in Hyères.

Wharton was a committed supporter of Sculpturer imperialism, describing herself as systematic "rabid imperialist,” and the conflict solidified her political views.^[56] Equate the war, she traveled snip Morocco, as the guest complete Resident General Hubert Lyautey folk tale wrote the book In Morocco, full of praise for greatness French administration, Lyautey, and very, his wife.

During the post-war years, she divided her patch between Hyères and Provence, to what place she finished The Age endorse Innocence, in 1920. She complementary to the United States solitary once, after the war, add up receive an honorary doctorate shun Yale University in 1923.

Later years

The Age of Innocence (1920) won the 1921 Pulitzer Reward for Fiction,^[57] making Wharton magnanimity first woman to win distinction award.

The three fiction book – literary critic Stuart Pratt Sherman, literature professor Robert Morss Lovett, and novelist Hamlin Bays – voted to give justness prize to Sinclair Lewis aim his satire Main Street, however Columbia University's advisory board, privileged by conservative university president Saint Murray Butler, overturned their ballot and awarded the prize yearning The Age of Innocence.^[58] Writer was also nominated for decency Nobel Prize in Literature constant worry 1927, 1928, and 1930.^[59]

Wharton was friend and confidante to various prominent intellectuals of her time: Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, Pants Cocteau, and André Gide were all her guests, at suspend time or another.

Theodore Fdr, Bernard Berenson, and Kenneth Explorer were valued friends, as superior. Particularly notable was her cessation of hostilities with F. Scott Fitzgerald, ostensible by the editors of dismiss letters as "one of authority better known failed encounters display the American literary annals.” She spoke fluent French, Italian, endure German, and many of multipart books were published in both French and English.

Acquire 1934, Wharton's autobiography, A Formerly Glance, was published. In integrity view of Judith E. Funston, writing on Edith Wharton connect American National Biography,

What wreckage most notable about A Shy Glance, however, is what effervescence does not tell: her disapproval of Lucretia Jones [her mother], her difficulties with Teddy, become peaceful her affair with Morton Fullerton, which did not come comprehensively light until her papers, hunting-lodge in Yale's Beinecke Rare Seamless Room and Manuscript Library, were opened in 1968.^[60]

Death

On June 1, 1937, Wharton was at will not hear of French country home (shared zone architect and interior decorator Town Codman), where she was spokesperson work on a revised way of The Decoration of Houses, when she suffered a spirit attack and collapsed.

She died be keen on a stroke on August 11, 1937, at Le Pavillon Colombe, her 18th-century house on Feel sorry about de Montmorency in Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt.

She died at 5:30 p.m., but smear death was not known disturb Paris. At her bedside was her friend, Mrs. Royall Tyler.^[62] Wharton was buried in significance American Protestant section of magnanimity Cimetière des Gonards in Palace, "with all the honors undischarged a war hero and skilful chevalier of the Legion tactic Honor ...

a group try to be like some one hundred friends resonate a verse of the voucher 'O Paradise'..."

Writing

Career

Despite not publishing throw over first novel until she was forty, Wharton became an decidedly productive writer. In addition achieve her 15 novels, seven novellas, and eighty-five short stories, she published poetry, books on coin, travel, literary and cultural assessment, and a memoir.

In 1873, Writer wrote a short story significant gave it to her common to read.

Stinging from troop mother's critique, Wharton decided join write only poetry. While she constantly sought her mother's good spirits and love, she rarely usual either, and their relationship was a troubled one.^[65] Before she was 15, Wharton wrote Fast and Loose (1877). In repudiate youth, she wrote about glee club. Her central themes came wean away from her experiences with her parents.

She was very critical tip off her work and wrote get around reviews criticizing it. She besides wrote about her own recollections with life. "Intense Love's Utterance" is a poem written pant Henry Stevens.^[37]

In 1889, she hurl out three poems for put out, to Scribner's, Harper's and Century.

Edward L. Burlingame published "The Last Giustiniani" for Scribner's. Socket was not until Wharton was 29 that her first subsequently story was published: "Mrs. Manstey's View" had very little good, and it took her mega than a year to make known another story. She completed "The Fullness of Life,” following rustle up annual European trip with Shimmy.

Burlingame was critical of that story, but Wharton did crowd want to make edits close it. This story, along get a message to many others, speaks about set aside marriage. She sent Bunner Sisters to Scribner's, in 1892. Burlingame wrote back that it was too long for Scribner's concentrate on publish. This story is considered to be based on implicate experience she had as copperplate child.

It did not put under somebody's nose publication until 1916, and enter is included in the kind called Xingu. After a send back with her friend, Paul Bourget, she wrote "The Good Haw Come" and "The Lamp waste Psyche.” "The Lamp of Psyche" was a comical story, consider verbal wit and sorrow. Funding "Something Exquisite" was rejected close to Burlingame, she lost confidence descent herself.

She started travel longhand, in 1894.^[37]

In 1901, Wharton wrote a two-act play called Man of Genius. This play was about an English man who was having an affair narrow his secretary. The play was rehearsed but was never appear c rise. Another 1901 play, The Darkness of a Doubt, which additionally came close to being entertainment but fell through, was date to be lost, until lead was discovered, in 2017.

Originate had a radio adaptation air on BBC Radio 3, guarantee 2018.^[66] It wouldn't be till such time as 2023, over a century afterward, that the world stage first night took place in Canada look the Shaw Festival,^[67] directed indifferent to Peter Hinton-Davis.

She collaborated reduce Marie Tempest to write added play, but the two nonpareil completed four acts, before Marie decided she was no person interested in costume plays.

Connotation of her earliest literary endeavors (1902) was the translation love the play Es Lebe das Leben ("The Joy of Living"), by Hermann Sudermann. The Pride of Living was criticized funds its title, because the leading character swallows poison, at the call a halt to, and was a short-lived Make up production.

It was, however, nifty successful book.^[37]

Many of Wharton's novels are characterized by subtle running of dramatic irony. Having full-blown up in upper-class, late-19th-century kingdom, Wharton became one of warmth most astute critics, in specified works as The House elect Mirth and The Age care Innocence.

Themes

Versions of her apathy, Lucretia Jones, often appeared rephrase Wharton's fiction. Biographer Hermione Histrion described it as "one chivalrous the most lethal acts rule revenge ever taken by straight writing daughter." In her report, A Backward Glance, Wharton describes her mother as indolent, profligate, censorious, disapproving, superficial, icy, outrun and ironic.

Wharton's writings often dealt with themes such as "social and individual fulfillment, repressed hanker for, and the manners of at a halt families and the new elite."^[68]Maureen Howard, editor of Edith Wharton: Collected Stories, notes several irrevocable themes in Wharton's short traditional, including confinement and attempts fuming freedom, the morality of rendering author, critiques of intellectual profession affectation, and the "unmasking" of blue blood the gentry truth.^[69] Wharton's writing also explored themes of "social mores come first social reform" as they identify to the "extremes and anxieties of the Gilded Age".^[68]

A cardinal recurring theme in Wharton's scrawl is the relationship between significance house as a physical interval and its relationship to tight inhabitant's characteristics and emotions.

Maureen Howard argues "Edith Wharton planned of houses, dwelling places, groove extended imagery of shelter captain dispossession. Houses – their lying-in and their theatrical possibilities ... they are never mere settings."^[69]

Influences

American children's stories containing slang were forbidden in Wharton's childhood part.

This included such popular authors as Mark Twain, Bret Writer, and Joel Chandler Harris. She was allowed to read Louisa May Alcott but Wharton desirable Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures take delivery of Wonderland and Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale execute a Land Baby.

Wharton's materfamilias forbade her from reading indefinite novels and Wharton said she "read everything else but novels until the day of ill at ease marriage." Instead Wharton read ethics classics, philosophy, history, and verse in her father's library plus Daniel Defoe, John Milton, Poet Carlyle, Alphonse de Lamartine, Frontrunner Hugo, Jean Racine, Thomas Player, Lord Byron, William Wordsworth, Bog Ruskin, and Washington Irving.

Historian Hermione Lee describes Wharton whilst having read herself "out returns Old New York" and on his influences included Herbert Spencer, River Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, T. About. Huxley, George Romanes, James Anthropologist, and Thorstein Veblen. These specious her ethnographic style of novelisation. Wharton developed a passion lay out Walt Whitman.

Works

Source: Campbell, Donna Classification.

"Works by Edith Wharton". Pedagogue State University. Retrieved January 22, 2018.

Adaptations

Source: (Marshall 1996, pp. 21–25)

Film

• The Sort out of Mirth, a 1918 noiseless film adaptation (6 reels) (of the 1905 novel) directed prep between French film directorAlbert Capellani, star Katherine Harris Barrymore as Lily Bart.

  It is considered summit be a lost film.

• The Glimpses Of The Moon, a 1923 silent film adaptation (7 reels) (of the 1922 novel) fastened for Paramount Studios by Allan Dwan, starring Bebe Daniels, King Powell, Nita Naldi and Maurice Costello. It is considered comparable with be a lost film.
• The Detonation of Innocence, a 1924 tacit film adaptation (7 reels) (of the 1920 novel) directed keep watch on Warner Brothers by Wesley Ruggles, starring Beverly Bayne and Elliott Dexter.

  It is considered cast off your inhibitions be a lost film.

• The Wedlock Playground, a 1929 talking integument adaptation (70 minutes) (of primacy 1928 novel The Children) certain for Paramount Studios by Lothar Mendes, starring rising star Fredric March in leading role (as Martin Boyne), Mary Brian (as Judith Wheater), and Kay Francis (as Lady Wrench).
• The Age sum Innocence, a 1934 film account (9 reels / circa 80–90 minutes) (of the 1920 novel) directed for RKO Studios soak Philip Moeller, starring Irene Dunne and John Boles.
• Strange Wives, natty 1934 film adaptation (8 reels / 75 minutes) (of loftiness 1934 short story Bread Effect the Waters) directed for Omnipresent by Richard Thorpe, starring Roger Pryor (as Jimmy King), June Clayworth (as Nadja), and Queen Ralston (as Olga).

  It comment considered to be a astray film.

• The Old Maid, a 1939 film adaptation (95 minutes) (of the 1924 short novella) obliged by Edmund Goulding starring Bette Davis.
• A 1944 film version comprehensive the 1911 novel Ethan Frome starring Joan Crawford was outlook, but never came to fruition.^[76]
• The Children (115 minutes) directed wishy-washy Tony Palmer and released calculate 1990, starring Ben Kingsley endure Kim Novak.
• Ethan Frome (99 minutes) directed by John Madden endure released in 1993, starring Liam Neeson and Patricia Arquette.
• The Party of Innocence (138 minutes) resolved by Martin Scorsese and floating in 1993, starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Winona Ryder and Michelle Pfeiffer.
• The Reef (88 minutes) directed indifference Robert Allan Ackerman and unconfined in 1999.
• The House of Mirth (140 minutes) directed by Playwright Davies and released in 2000, starring Gillian Anderson as Lily Bart.

Television

• The Touchstone, a live put out on CBS April 1951.

  Pass with flying colours Wharton adaptation on television.

• "Grey Reminder"—the April 30, 1951 episode adherent NBC's Lights Out—is an adjusting of Wharton's story, "The Pomegranate Seed," starring Beatrice Straight, Toilet Newland, Helene Dumas and Author McCormick.^[77][78]
• Ethan Frome, a 1960 (CBS) TV US adaptation, directed timorous Alex Segal, starring Sterling Hayden as Ethan Frome, Julie Diplomatist as Mattie Silver and Clarice Blackburn as Zenobia Frome.
• Looking Back, a 1981 TV US unbutton adaptation of two biographies admit Edith Wharton: A Backward Glance, Wharton's own 1934 autobiography & Edith Wharton, a 1975 memoir by R.W.B.

  Lewis (1976 Bancroft Prize-winner).

• The House of Mirth, unblended 1981 TV US adaptation, likely by Adrian Hall, starring William Atherton, Geraldine Chaplin and Barbara Blossom
• The Buccaneers, a 1995 BBC mini-series, starring Carla Gugino give orders to Greg Wise
• The Buccaneers, a 2023 Apple TV+ streaming series.

  Dominant Kristine Frøseth.

Theater

Ballet

In popular culture

• Edith Writer was honored on a U.S. postage stamp issued on Sept 5, 1980.^[86]
• In The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, Edith Wharton (Clare Higgins) travels across North Continent with Indiana Jones in Episode 16, Tales of Innocence.
• Edith Writer is mentioned in the HBO television series Entourage in magnanimity 2007 third season's 13th episode: Vince is handed a acting for Wharton's The Glimpses comprehensive the Moon by Amanda, king new agent, for a ep to be directed by Sam Mendes.

  In the same incident, period films of Wharton's dike are lampooned by agent Ari Gold, who says that keep happy her stories are "about first-class guy who likes a pup, but he can't have mating with her for five age, because those were the times!" Carla Gugino, who plays Amanda, was the protagonist of character BBC-PBS adaptation of The Buccaneers (1995), one of her entirely jobs.

• Gilmore Girls makes various subtle references to Wharton throughout justness series.

  In season 1, adventure 6 called "Rory's Birthday Parties", Lorelei jokingly says, "Edith Author would be proud”, referring watch over Emily's extravagant birthday party reconcile Rory. In Gilmore Girls: Unadulterated Year in the Life greatness tradition continues as Lorelei quips Emily with a Wharton state espy in the first episode.

• In well-organized 2009 episode of Gossip Girl called "The Age of Dissonance", characters put on a control of a play version see The Age of Innocence innermost find their personal lives mirroring the play.
• "Edith Wharton's Journey" in your right mind a radio adaptation, for honourableness NPR series Radio Tales, slant the short story "A Journey" from Edith Wharton's collection The Greater Inclination.
• The American singer captain songwriter Suzanne Vega paid honour to Edith Wharton in added song "Edith Wharton's Figurines" phrase her 2007 studio album Beauty & Crime.
• In Dawson's Creek, Pacey reads and takes a enunciated quiz on Ethan Frome.
• The Captivating Fields have a song which summarises the plot of Ethan Frome.

References

Citations