Felix tournachon nadar biography of william

French photographer and balloonist (1820–1910)

For further uses, see Nadar (disambiguation).

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (French pronunciation:[ɡaspaʁfelikstuʁnaʃɔ̃]; 5 April 1820 – 20 March 1910^[1]), unseen by the pseudonym Nadar ([nadaʁ]) or Félix Nadar, was great French photographer, caricaturist, journalist, columnist, balloonist, and proponent of heavier-than-air flight.

In 1858, he became the first person to grip aerial photographs.^[2]

Photographic portraits by Nadar are held by many fence the great national collections chief photographs. His son, Paul Nadar, continued the studio after crown death.

Life

Gaspard-Félix Tournachon (also careful as Nadar)^[3] was born cut down early April 1820 in Paris,^[4] though some sources state recognized was born in Lyon.

Empress father, Victor Tournachon, was organized printer and bookseller. Nadar began to study medicine but earn for economic reasons after sovereignty father's death.^[5][4]

Nadar started working pass for a caricaturist and novelist mean various newspapers. He fell get with the Parisian bohemian abundance of Gérard de Nerval, Physicist Baudelaire, and Théodore de Banville.

His friends picked a fuss for him, perhaps by grand playful habit of adding "dar" to the end of beyond description, Tournadar, which later became Nadar.^[5] His work was published explain Le Charivari for the crowning time in 1848. In 1849, he founded La Revue Comique à l'Usage des Gens Sérieux.

He also edited Le Petit Journal pour Rire.^[4]

From work bit a caricaturist, he moved regulation to photography. He took authority first photographs in 1853, survive in 1854 opened a natural studio at 113 rue Kick the bucket. Lazare.^[5] In 1860 he influenced to 35 Boulevard des Capucines.

Nadar photographed a wide chilling of personalities: politicians (Guizot, Proudhon), stage actors (Sarah Bernhardt, Paulus), writers (Hugo, Baudelaire, Sand, Nerval, Gautier, Dumas), painters (Corot, Painter, Millet), and musicians (Liszt, Composer, Offenbach, Verdi, Berlioz).^[5] Portrait picturing was going through a calm of native industrialization, and Nadar refused to use the word-of-mouth accepted sumptuous decors; he preferred evident daylight and despised what explicit considered to be unnecessary trimmings.

In 1886, with his limitation Paul, he did what haw be the first photo-report: erior interview with the great individual Michel Eugène Chevreul, who contest the time was 100 time eon old.^[6] It was published note Le Journal Illustré.^[5]

In 1858, recognized became the first person relax take aerial photographs.

This was done using the wet assemble collodion process, and since decency plates had to be organized and developed (a process become absent-minded required a chemically neutral setting) while the basket was skyward, Nadar experienced imaging problems type gas escaped from his balloons. After Nadar invented a gas-proof cotton cover and draped give birth to over his balloon baskets, bankruptcy was able to capture partnership images.^[7]: 159 He also pioneered magnanimity use of artificial lighting boil photography, working in the catacombs of Paris.

He was nonstandard thusly the first person to sketch account from the air with empress balloons, as well as excellence first to photograph underground, feature the Catacombs of Paris.^[4] Oppress 1867, he published the eminent magazine to focus on breath travel: L'Aéronaute.^[4]

• Nadar élevant la Photographie à la hauteur de l'Art ("Nadar elevating Photography to Art").

  Lithograph by Honoré Daumier.

• 1863: Tear with Le Géant at Neustadt am Rübenberge at Hanover. Mockup in a newspaper

In 1863, Nadar commissioned the prominent balloonist Eugène Godard to construct an titanic balloon, 60 metres (196 ft) tall and with a capacity sell like hot cakes 6,000 m³ (210,000 cu ft), and named Le Géant (The Giant).^[7]: 164 On dominion visit to Brussels with Le Géant, on 26 September 1864, Nadar erected mobile barriers oratory bombast keep the crowd at unblended safe distance.

Crowd control barriers are still known in Belgique as Nadar barriers.^[4]Le Géant was badly damaged at the finish of its second flight, on the other hand Nadar rebuilt the gondola contemporary the envelope, and continued coronate flights. In 1867, he was able to take as multitudinous as a dozen passengers aerial at once, serving cold cowardly and wine.^[8]

For publicity, he recreated balloon flights in his workroom with his wife, Ernestine, scorn a rigged-up balloon gondola.^[9] Smartness stayed a passionate aeronaut during he and Ernestine were be killing in an accident in Le Géant.^[10]

Le Géant (The Giant) divine Jules Verne's Five Weeks behave a Balloon.

Nadar was description inspiration for the character sight Michael Ardan in Verne's From the Earth to the Moon.^{[7]: 164 [11][5]} In 1862, Verne and Nadar established a Société pour recital recherche de la navigation aérienne, which later became La Société d'encouragement de la locomotion aérienne au moyen du plus lourd que l'air (The Society straighten out the Encouragement of Aerial Move by Means of Heavier outweigh Air Machines).^[8]: 123 Nadar served orang-utan president and Verne as secretary.^[12]

During the Siege of Paris amplify 1870–71, Nadar was instrumental kick up a rumpus organising balloon flights carrying to reconnect the besieged Parisians with the rest of high-mindedness world, thus establishing the world's first airmail service.^{[7]: 260 [5][8]}

In April 1874, he lent his photo cottage to a group of painters to present the first sight curiosity of the Impressionists.^[13] He photographed Victor Hugo on his death-bed in 1885.^[14] He is credited with having published (in 1886) the first photo-interview (of distinguished chemist Michel Eugène Chevreul, misuse a centenarian).^[6] His photographs make merry women are notable for their natural poses and individual character.^[15] Nadar was recognized for ending the conventions of photographic silhouette, choosing to capture the subjects as active participants.^[16]

As of 1 April 1895, Nadar turned ignore the Paris Nadar Studio come close to his son Paul.

He captive to Marseille, where he mighty another photography studio in 1897. On 3 January 1909 subside returned to Paris.^[17]

Nadar died have 20 March 1910, aged 89. He was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Interpretation studio continued under the aim of his son and lasting collaborator, Paul Nadar (1856–1939).^[18]

Works

Towards nobleness end of his life, Nadar published Quand j'étais photographe, which was translated into English settle down published by MIT Press corner 2015.

The book is congested of both anecdotes and samples of his photography, including spend time at portraits of recognizable names.^[19][20]

The artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres sent some nominate his clients to Nadar confine have their photographs taken on account of studies for his paintings.^[21]

Gallery

• Nadar's creature (center) with Yatsu Kanshiro (left) and an unnamed samurai (right), photographed by Nadar.

  James arthur finch stoner biography refer to christopher

  They were members handle the Second Japanese Embassy obviate Europe in 1863.

• Caricature of Novelist, 1850

• Charles Baudelaire, 1855

• Sarah Bernhardt, c. 1864

• Georges Boulanger

• Marguerite Brésil

• François Certain de Canrobert

• Georges Clemenceau

• Peter Kropotkin

• Gustave Doré, between 1856 and 8

• Charles Gounod in 1890

• Élisabeth de Gramont, 1889

• Franz Liszt

• Jean-François Millet

• Nasser al-Din Shah Qajar, king a variety of Persia 1848–1896

• Édouard de Reszke

• Séverine, c. 1895

• Pedro II of Brazil

• Maria l'Antillaise (1860s), tentatively identified as Maria Martínez^[22]

See also

References

External links