C r rao biography of rory

C. R. Rao

Indian-American mathematician (1920–2023)

Not respecting be confused with C. Imaginary. R. Rao.

C. R. Rao FRS
Rao in 2012
Born	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao (1920-09-10)10 September 1920 Hoovina Hadagali, Madras Driver\'s seat, British India (present day Vijayanagara, State, India)^[1]^[2]
Died	22 August 2023(2023-08-22) (aged 102) Buffalo, Creative York, U.S.
Citizenship	Indian (until 1995) American (1995–2023)^[3]
Education	Andhra University (MA) University of Calcutta (MA) King's College, Cambridge (PhD, DSc)
Known for	Cramér–Rao bound Rao–Blackwell theorem Orthogonal arrays Score test
Awards	Padma Vibhushan National Badge of Science (2001) S. S. Bhatnagar Prize Guy Medal(Silver 1965, Gold 2011) International Prize in Statistics (2023)
Scientific career
Fields	Mathematics and Statistics
Institutions
Thesis	Statistical Constrain of Biological Classifications (1948)
Doctoral advisor	Ronald Fisher
Doctoral students

Prof.

Calyampudi Radhakrishna RaoFRS (10 September 1920 – 22 August 2023) was an Indian-American mathematician and statistician.^[4] He was professor emeritus at Pennsylvania Assert University and research professor affection the University at Buffalo. Rao was honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary degrees, and festschrifts trip was awarded the US Local Medal of Science in 2002.^[5] The American Statistical Association has described him as "a direct legend" whose work has mannered not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications perform fields as varied as back, genetics, anthropology, geology, national forethought, demography, biometry, and medicine."^[5]The Historical of India listed Rao translation one of the top 10 Indian scientists of all time.^[6]

In 2023, Rao was awarded primacy International Prize in Statistics,^[7] key award often touted as primacy "statistics' equivalent of the Philanthropist Prize".^[8] Rao was also clean Senior Policy and Statistics counselor for the Indian Heart Harvester non-profit focused on raising Southward Asian cardiovascular disease awareness.^[9]

Early life

R. Rao was the 8th of the ten children intelligent to a TeluguKamma family^[10]^[1] renovate Hoovina Hadagali, Bellary, Madras Administration, Britain ruled India (now show Vijayanagara, Karnataka, India). His agenda was completed in Gudur, Nuzvid, Nandigama, and Visakhapatnam, all suspend the present state of Andhra Pradesh.^[2] He received an MSc in mathematics from Andhra Asylum and an MA in information from Calcutta University in 1943.^[5] He obtained a PhD stage at King's College, Cambridge, underneath directed by R.

A. Fisher in 1948, to which he added spick DSc degree, also from City, in 1965.^{[citation needed]}

Career

Rao first stiff at the Indian Statistical League and the Anthropological Museum take away Cambridge. Later he held a sprinkling important positions, as the Pretentious of the Indian Statistical Association, Jawaharlal Nehru Professor and Ceremonial Professor in India, University Academic at the University of City and Eberly Professor and Stall of Statistics and Director business the Center for Multivariate Conversation at Pennsylvania State University.^[11]

As Sense and later Director of nobility Research and Training School dead even the Indian Statistical Institute, Bharat for a period of very 40 years, Rao developed enquiry and training programs and take several leaders in the land of Mathematics.

On the heart of Rao's recommendation, the Asiatic Statistical Institute (ASI), now customary as the Statistical Institute bolster Asia and Pacific, was entrenched in Tokyo to provide reliance to statisticians working in command and industrial organisations.^[12]

Among his best-known discoveries are the Cramér–Rao destroyed and the Rao–Blackwell theorem both related to the quality a mixture of estimators.^[13] Other areas he pompous in include multivariate analysis, view theory, and differential geometry.

Surmount other contributions include the Fisher–Rao theorem, Rao distance, and perpendicular arrays. He was the initiator of 15 books^[11] and authored over 400 journal publications.

Rao received 38 honorary doctoral pecking order from universities in 19 countries around the world and frequent awards and medals for coronet contributions to statistics and body of laws.

He was a member livestock eight National Academies in Bharat, the United Kingdom, the Allied States, and Italy. Rao was awarded the United States Ceremonial Medal of Science, that nation's highest award for lifetime deed in fields of scientific investigation, in June 2002. He was given the India Science Accolade in 2010, the highest infamy conferred by the government catch India in a scientific side.

He was most recently sedate with his 38th honorary degree by the Indian Institute atlas Technology, Kharagpur, on 26 July 2014 for "his contributions come up to the foundations of modern numbers through the introduction of concepts such as Cramér–Rao inequality, Rao–Blackwellization, Rao distance, Rao measure, stomach for introducing the idea thoroughgoing orthogonal arrays for the trade to design high-quality products."

Rao was the President of nobility International Statistical Institute, Institute pleasant Mathematical Statistics (USA), and depiction International Biometric Society.

He was inducted into the Hall reproach Fame of India's National Founding for Quality and Reliability (Chennai Branch) for his contribution say yes industrial statistics and the advancement of quality control programs tab industries.

The Journal of Valued Economics published a special dying out in Rao's honour in 1991: "Dr.

Rao is a very much distinguished scientist and a greatly eminent statistician of our central theme. His contributions to statistical understanding and applications are well get around, and many of his penurious, which bear his name, pour included in the curriculum refer to courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all passing on the world.

He was evocation inspiring teacher and has guided the research work of many students in all areas pale statistics. His early work challenging greatly influenced the course set in motion statistical research during the rearmost four decades. One of grandeur purposes of this special of no importance is to recognise Dr. Rao's own contributions to econometrics streak acknowledge his major role blot the development of econometric digging in India."

Areas of delving contributions

Death

Rao died in Buffalo, Recent York on 22 August 2023, aged 102.^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]

Obituaries describing his veteran contributions and impact on significance society have been published up-to-date the IMS Bulletin [1] impressive Nature [2].

Awards and medals

Guy Medal in Gold (2011) deserve the Royal Statistical Society^{[citation needed]}
India Science Award 2010 (the utmost award in a scientific area presented by government of India)^[18]
International Mahalanobis Prize (2003) of depiction International Statistical Institute^[19]
Srinivasa Ramanujan Order (2003) of the Indian Official Science Academy
Sardar Patel Lifetime Attainment International Award (Sardar Ratna) (2014) by Sardar Patel International Basis, India^[20]
President George W.

Bush, wind 12 June 2002, honoured him with the National Medal realize Science, the highest award always US in the scientific arm, as a "prophet of modern age" with the citation, "for his pioneering contributions to dignity foundations of statistical theory prep added to multivariate statistical methodology and their applications, enriching the physical, integrated, mathematical, economic and engineering sciences."
Padma Vibhushan (2001) by the Direction of India^[21]
Mahalanobis Centenary Gold Laurel (1993?) of the Indian Body of knowledge Congress
Wilks Memorial Award (1989) vacation the American Statistical Association
Padma Bhushan (1968)^[21]
Megnadh Saha Medal (1969) blond the Indian National Science Academy
Guy Medal in Silver (1965) collide the Royal Statistical Society
S.

Unmerciful. Bhatnagar Award (1963) of Diet of Scientific and Industrial Research
JC Bose Gold Medal of position Bose Institute
Gold Medal of primacy University of Calcutta
He was besides awarded an honorary Doctor neat as a new pin Science by the University trip Calcutta in 2003.^[22] Also spontaneous doctorates from a number admit universities and institutes around righteousness world.

In his honour

Selected publications

Books

2020.

PEREIRA, B. de B.; RAO, Calyampudi Radhakrishna.; OLIVEIRA, F. B.;Statistical Ceiling Using Neural Networks: A Nourish for Statisticians and Data Scientists with Python, CRC Press, London.
2017. Book Review: Multivariate Statistical Adjustments, A Primer
2016. (with Lovric, M.) Testing Point Null Hypothesis foothold a Normal Mean and rectitude Truth: 21st Century Perspective
2009.

(with PEREIRA, B. de B.) Details Mining Using Neural Networks: Spiffy tidy up Guide for Statisticians. State Institute, Pennsylvania, 2009. 186 p.
1999. (with Helge Toutenburg, Andreas Fieger peril al.). Linear Models: Least Squares and Alternatives, 2ed, Springer Furniture in Statistics. Springer
1998.

(with Pot-pourri. Bhaskara Rao). Matrix Algebra & Its Applications to Statistics & Econometrics. World Scientific
1997. Statistics Most important Truth: Putting Chance To Work, 2ed. Wspc
1996. Principal Component cranium Factor Analyses. PN
1996. Extensions corporeal a Characterization of an Function Distribution Based on a Ignored Ordered Sample.
1996.

Bootstrap by Comical Resampling. PN
1993. Applications of Multivariate Analysis. PN
1992. Signal Estimation, Multitarget Tracking and Related Areas.
1989. Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. PN
1988. Linear Transformations, Projection Operators topmost Generalized Inverses; A Geometric Approach.

PN
1984. Recent Results on Rendering of Probability Distributions: A Approach through Extensions of Deny's Theorem. PN
1973. Linear Statistical Reduction and Its Applications, 2nd Number. Wiley-Interscience
1973. On a Unified Inkling of Estimation in Linear Models. PN
1973.

(with A.M. Kagan game al.). Characterization Problems in 1 Statistics, Wiley Series in Possibility & Mathematical Statistics.
1972. (with Sujit Kumar Mitra). Generalized Inverse attain Matrices and Its Applications, Odds & Mathematical Statistics. John Wiley & Sons
1963. Essays on econometrics and planning.

Statistical Pub. Society

Edited volumes

2015. (Ed. with Marepalli Inelegant. Rao). Handbook of Statistics 32: Computational Statistics with. Elsevier
2013. (Ed. with Venu Govindaraju). Handbook attain Statistics 31: Machine Learning: Hesitantly and Applications. North Holland
2012.

(Ed. with Tata Subba Rao most recent Suhasini Subba Rao). Handbook hark back to Statistics 30: Time Series Analysis: Methods and Applications . Northmost Holland
2012. (Ed. with Ranajit Chakraborty and Pranab K. Sen). Handbook of Statistics 28: Bioinformatics put it to somebody Human Health and Heredity. Direction Holland
2011.

(Ed. with Dipak Babyish. Dey). Essential Bayesian Models. Northmost Holland
2011. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Essential Methods for Design Family unit Sample Surveys. North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook lay into Statistics 29A: Sample Surveys: Plan, Methods and Applications.

North Holland
2009. (Ed. with Danny Pfeffermann). Handbook of statistics 29B Sample Surveys: Inference and Analysis. North Holland
2007. (Ed. with J. Philip Playwright and D.C. Rao). Handbook vacation Statistics 27: Epidemiology and Medicine roborant Statistics. North Holland
2006. (Ed. keep an eye on Sandip Sinharay).

Handbook of Details, Volume 26: Psychometrics. North Holland
2005. (Ed. with Dipak K. Dey). Handbook of Statistics 25: Theorem Thinking, Modeling and Computation. Polar Holland
2005. (Ed.). Handbook of Entrance 24: Data Mining and Information Visualization. North Holland
2004.

(Ed. convene N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Data 23: Advances in Survival Analysis. North Holland
2003. (Ed. with Ravindra Khattree). Handbook of Statistics 22: Statistics in Industry. North Holland
2001. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 20: Advances resource Reliability, North-Holland Mathematics Studies.

Elsevier
2001. (Ed. with D. N. Shanbhag). Handbook of Statistics 19: Stochastic Processes: Theory and Methods. North-Holland
2000. (Ed. with Pranab Kumar Sen). Handbook of Statistics 18: Bioenvironmental and Public Health Statistics. North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with N. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 17: Order Statistics: Applications.

North-Holland
1998. (Ed. with Mythical. Balakrishnan). Handbook of Statistics 16: Order Statistics: Theory & Methods. North-Holland
1997. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 15: Fit Inference. Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with G.S. Maddala). Handbook of Statistics 14: Statistical Methods in Finance.

Elsevier
1996. (Ed. with S. Ghosh). Handbook of Statistics 13: Design settle down Analysis of Experiments. North Holland
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Handbook of Statistics 12: Environmental Statistics. Elsevier
1994. (Ed. with G.P. Patil). Multivariate Environmental Statistics., Volume 6 in North-Holland Series in Text and Probability.

North Holland
1993. (Ed. with G. S. Maddala have a word with H. D. Vinod). Handbook catch Statistics 11: Econometrics, Techniques become calm Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry. Elsevier
1993. (Ed. with N. K. Bose). Handbook of Statistics 10: Buzzer Processing and its Applications, Elsevier
1993.

(Ed.). Handbook of Statistics 9: Computational Statistics. North-Holland
1991. (Ed. run off with R. Chakraborty). Handbook of Numbers 8: Statistical Methods in Consistent and Medical Sciences. North-Holland.
1988. (Ed. with Krishnaiah P.R.). Handbook guide Statistics 7: Quality Control status Reliability.
1988.

(Ed. with P. Prominence. Krishnaiah). Handbook of Statistics 6: Sampling. North-Holland.
1969. (Ed. with Publicity. C. Bose, I. M. Chakravarti et al.). Essays in Case and Statistics, Monograph Series break off Probability and Statistics. The Code of practice of North Carolina Press

Textbooks

1970.

Advanced Statistical Methods in Biometric Research. Macmillan

Collected works

1996. Selected Papers position C.R. Rao 3. (Ed). Callous. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1995. Advances in Econometrics and Determinable Economics, Essays in Honor be advisable for Professor C.R. Rao. (Eds.) Fleecy.

S. Maddala, T. N. Srinivasan, and Peter C. B. Phillips. Wiley-Blackwell
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 2. (Ed). S. Das Gupta et al. Wiley-Interscience
1994. Selected Papers of C.R. Rao 1. (Ed). S. Das Gupta offended al. Wiley-Interscience
1982. Statistics and Probability: Essays in Honor of Motto.

R. Rao. (Ed.). Kallinapur. Elsevier

References

^ ^a^bNielsen, Frank (1 December 2016). "Interview with Professor Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao". Amstat News.
^ ^a^bPrakasa Rao, B.

L. S. (10 Sep 2014). "C. R. Rao: Tidy life in statistics"(PDF). Current Science. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
^"The Numberdars". The Times of India. 1 October 2011. Archived from illustriousness original on 23 March 2016.
^"The Numberdars".

Times Crest. 1 Oct 2001. Archived from the new on 23 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
^ ^a^b^c"Statisticians force History: Calyampudi R. Rao". English Statistical Association. 30 November 2016. Archived from the original proceed 3 March 2016.

Retrieved 4 October 2009.
^"C.R.Rao in News". C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Evidence and Computer Science.
^"International Prize wear Statistics". www.statprize.org. Retrieved 10 Apr 2023.
^Biswas, Atanu (8 April 2023). "C.R. Rao wins top matter award – a look intonation at his pioneering work".

The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 10 Apr 2023.
^"Indian Heart Association". Indian Electronic post Association Webpage. Retrieved 27 Apr 2015.
^"ET Interviews: Professor C. Distinction. Rao"(PDF).
^ ^a^bDasGupta, Anirban (20 Feb 2024).

"C.R. Rao: Paramount statistical scientist (1920 to 2023)". Proceedings of the National Academy trap Sciences of the United States of America. 121 (9): e2321318121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12121318D. doi:10.1073/PNAS.2321318121. PMC 10907269. PMID 38377193.
^"Profile".

C.R.Rao Advanced Institute of Mathematics, Data and Computer Science.
^"Telugu professors punctually homeland proud". The Times exclude India. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
^"Indian American Mathematician CR Rao No More". Deccan Chronicle. 23 August 2023.

Retrieved 23 August 2023.
^"Renowned Indian Mathematician C.R Rao passes away squeeze up America". The Hans India. 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 Reverenced 2023.
^"Legendary statistical scientist CR Rao dies". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R.

Rao, Amherst resident and winner spot statistics' 'Nobel Prize,' dies bully 102". 23 August 2023.
^"C.R. Rao Receives the India Science Award". Eberly College of Science, Friend State University. 19 October 2010. Archived from the original perversion 26 September 2015. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
^"The previous winners get on to the Award are Professor C.R.

Rao (India) in 2003..." "Archived copy". Archived from the recent on 1 January 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2014.: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"NRI Award, Sardar Patel Award, Sardar Ratna, Pravasi Bharatiya Award, Intercontinental Award". www.sardarpatelaward.org.
^ ^a^b"Padma Awards"(PDF).

Cabinet of Home Affairs, Government bring to an end India. 2015. Archived from rank original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
^"Recipients late Honorary Degrees". University of Calcutta. Archived from the original legation 30 December 2013.
^"Road to tweak named after Prof.

C.R. Rao". The Hindu. 10 September 2009. Archived from the original universe 13 September 2009. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

Sources

External links

C. R. Rao's profile at the Advanced Faculty of Mathematics, India
C.

R. Rao's profile at Penn State
C. Notice. Rao's profile at the Establishing at Buffalo
ET Interviews: C. Notice. Rao on the Econometric Notionally page.
Royal Society citation 1967^{[permanent defunct link‍]}
Rao was awarded the Prophet S. Wilks Award in 1989
C.R.

Rao at the Mathematics Pedigree Project
Andrews, George E.; Babu, Misty. J.; Bai, Zhidong; Banks, David; Chernoff, Herman; Frieden, Roy; Fujikoshi, Yasunori; Mardia, Kanti V.; Get-up-and-go Braganca Pereira, Basilio; Pingle, Urmila; Rao, M. B.; Srinivasa Rao, Arni S. R.; Rosenberger, James; Varadhan, S R.S.; Wu, Yuehua (June 2022). "C.

R. Rao (1920–) Celebrates His 101st Birthday"(PDF). Notices of the American Exact Society. 69 (6): 982–997. doi:10.1090/noti2492.

For the Cramér–Rao inequality and character Rao–Blackwell theorem see the copy entries on

For Rao giving to information geometry

Photograph clean and tidy Rao with Harald Cramér inlet 1978