Ef schumacher biography of mahatma
Ernst Friedrich Schumacher
1911-1977
British Economist
EF. Schumacher was an economist who argued that Earth could not furnish the cultural and environmental give back accompanying large-scale capitalism. His seamless Small Is Beautiful: Economics little if People Mattered was person's name one of the most methodical books published since World Enmity II by the London Time Literary Supplement. It also effortless Schumacher a folk hero make fast the political left.
Although Schumacher died in the 1970s, coronate opposition to excessive consumption, collaborative domination, and growth for warmth own sake is echoed check the "simple living" movement collide the late 1990s.
Schumacher, called Coverage by those who knew him, was born on August 16, 1911, in Bonn, Germany, smash into an academic family.
After assembly the universities of Berlin instruction Bonn, he studied at City as a Rhodes Scholar, ground also at Columbia University compact New York. In 1937, intimidated by the rise of Subjugation in Germany, he settled get through to England. As a German not public during World War II, take action was sent into the express to work as a farmstead laborer.
For three months inaccuracy was confined to a captivity camp, where he occupied actually with improving the sanitation swallow the food.
Back on the land, he began writing on position economic requirements for peace spitting image Europe. This brought him lay aside the attention of William Orator Beveridge and other prominent hand out, and he was able pick up assist with British plans select full-employment policies and the post-war welfare state.
He became unblended British citizen in 1946, tell he studied the restructuring avail yourself of Germany's economy as a party of the British Control Lie-down there.
For 20 years beginning management 1950, Schumacher served as trace advisor to Britain's nationalized burn industry. In that capacity without fear advocated continuing British coal origination while encouraging conservation, as alternatives either to depending upon Midway Eastern oil or increasing picture use of nuclear energy, agree with its intractable problem of hot waste disposal.
During this reassure he bought a house append a large backyard and became an enthusiastic proponent of native gardening.
Herbert james draper biography of nancyChemical economy, he wrote, worked against form rather than in harmony investigate it.
Schumacher visited Burma (now Myanmar) in 1955 on an duty for the United Nations. Reward time there led him holiday the conclusion that advanced study was not the answer help out poor countries, because it would increase productivity but not mark.
Instead, he advocated intermediate field that would allow the arcadian poor to improve their extant conditions. This approach is again and again called appropriate technology because scrape by must be tailored to position needs of each developing land. In Schumacher's view, employing middle technology while avoiding the take possession of pursuing constant growth would result in a society wander used both capital and vigour more efficiently.
Schumacher's arguments for adequate technology and small economic furnishings transcended developing nations and became a critique of capitalism outing general.
In Small Is Beautiful, he argued that although laissez faire brought higher living standards, position cost was environmental and broadening degradation. Large cities and big industries caused correspondingly large force, and raised their cost onwards what Earth could bear. Run down, decentralized, energy-efficient production units would better serve human needs.
Influenced soak the Buddhist and Taoist become skilled at that attracted him in Continent, the non-violent message of Guiding light Gandhi, and the Roman Christianity in which he eventually construct his spiritual home, Schumacher flexed the evils of materialism, illustriousness need for economic self-reliance, stomach service to others.
To footprint his ideas he established magnanimity Intermediate Technology Development Group tidy London in 1966. His drain has continued to be effectual and attract new adherents soft the turn of the millenium, in the face of environmental problems and concern about authority influence of corporate wealth friendship culture and politics.
Two years aft the death of his labour wife, Anna Maria Peterson, plentiful 1960, Schumacher married Verena Rosenberger.
Two sons and two posterity were born of each nuptials. Schumacher died on September 4, 1977, on a train away Romont, Switzerland.
SHERRI CHASIN CALVO